1. Stay home if you are sick.
2. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
3. Wash your hands often and avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
4. Cover your mouth or nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing.
5. Keep up with health information in you own community.

In addition to the CDC’s 5 flu-safety tips, I carry with me a flu-safety pack wherever I go, to protect me from infected.  The safety pack carries the following items:

1. 4 pieces of 3-ply surgical mask
2. 2 pieces of foldable ATEM 3022 FFP2 respiratory mask
3. 1 bottle of P70 skin (hand) disinfectant

When I go to a crowded place where I may get flu virus, I shall wear the 3 ply surgical mask.  I shall follow my mask changing rule (please read my articles on how to wear mask) whenever I need to change my mask.  I believe 4 pieces should be enough for one day at the moment.

If I am going to have a close proximity contact with a sick person (He could be a family member, friends, relatives or may be someone I do not know), I will put on the respiratory mask.  The foldable ATEM 3022 FFP2 masks will allow me to carry them in my bag without damaging them.

When there is no hand washing facilities or it is inconvenient to wash hands, I will use the hand disinfectant to disinfect my hands before I put on a new mask or whenever necessary.  A 100ml press cap spray bottle of P70 liquid disinfectant will be sufficient for a day’s work.

I shall discard the mask I wear before I come home to avoid bring home the virus.

The next day, before I go out again, I shall make sure that my flu-safety pack is replenished accordingly.

Don’t you think you should do the same?

The flu-safety pack I carry wherever I go to protect myself from flue infection:

4 pcs of 3 ply mask

2 pcs of ATEM 3022 FFP2  foldable respiratory mask

One bottle of 100ml press cap bottle P70 disinfectant

Where to buy the flu-safety pack? Contact us through our contact form here.

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我们也发现很多人在戴口罩时，戴的方法都错了。有人把它戴的上下颠倒，或者内外不分，有的把它挂在鼻子下面， 或者把眼镜包在口罩下面，这 些都错了。

要说明怎样戴口罩，我们先来说明世界卫生组织推荐的两种口罩。第一种是三层的手术用口罩。普通有青，兰，白三种颜色 （颜色其实不重要）。” 第二种是 N95 ， N99, P100, FFP1 和 FFP2 口罩。让我们一一来说明。

三层的手术用口罩

N95，N99, P100, FFP1和 FFP2 口罩

当你要去人多而可能有流感传染的地方，你可以戴上三层的手术用口罩，世界卫生组织建议大家在进行社交活动时彼此保持最少三尺的安全距离。

可是，当你要照顾或者要近距离靠近或接触带流感病症者时，你就不能戴用这种三层的手术用口罩。你最低限度要戴用 N95 或者 FFP1 。戴 N99, P100 或者 FFP2 更好。

你会问，什么是 N95 ， N99, P100, FFP1 和 FFP2 呢？是这样的， N95 ， N99, P100 是美国国家职业安全与卫生研究所和美国国家工业标准局为口罩对粉状微粒的过摅效率所订下得标准。顾名思义， N95 有 95% 的效率 , N99 有 99% 的效率 , P100 有近 100% 的效率 . FFP1 和 FFP2 是欧洲经济共同体订下的标准。

口罩必须盖住鼻子和嘴巴，不要只是挂在鼻子下面。 戴的时候要看清楚里外。有颜色的一面向外，向外的褶纹向下。有软条的一边向上（ 软条是用来扣住鼻子的）。请按以下步骤来戴上：

1. 先用肥皂清水洗净，抹干双手

2. 摊开口罩，认清里外上下，手不要触摸口罩内面，拿住绑带或耳环带，戴 上。

3. 用手稳住口罩，按下软条鼻扣，拉下口罩下边。

4. 用手整理好口罩，确保全面盖住鼻口。

5. 自然呼吸。完成。

请按以下步骤来戴上 N95 ， N99, P100, FFP1 和 FFP2 口罩：（我在这里用可折型 FFP2 口罩做例子说明）

1. 先用肥皂清水洗净，抹干双手。

2. 用手把口罩张开，有鼻扣软条的一边向上，手不要触摸口罩内面。

3. 这种口罩有两条橡皮筋，下面一条要套在颈项，上面一条要套在头顶。

4. 戴眼镜的人，最好先把眼镜拿下来。

5. 用一手轻轻握住口罩，另一手拉住颈橡皮筋。

6. 把口罩戴上，盖住鼻子和觜巴，拉住颈橡皮筋往后拉套在颈项。

7. 再把头顶橡皮筋套在头顶上。

8. 用手指把鼻扣软条按下，固定口罩。

9. 再用双手整理好口罩，要肯定口罩安稳舒服地戴好。

10. 戴眼镜的人，现在可以把眼镜戴上。眼镜不可以包在口罩下面，要 架在口罩上面。

11. 自然呼吸，完成。

市上卖的 N95 ， N99, P100, FFP1 和 FFP2 口罩有圆形和可折型两种。圆形口罩比较难以携带。可折型口罩不但携带方便，也容易保护口罩内面不受污染。

戴着口罩时，记住不要用手触摸口罩。

不管是三层的手术用口罩， 还是 N95 ， N99, P100, FFP1 和 FFP2 型口罩，它们都是一次用完型口罩。在以下的情况，请你马上把口罩脱了换掉：

1. 你戴着口罩打喷嚏或者咳嗽后。

2. 有人在三尺内向着你打喷嚏或者咳嗽， 而对方并没有戴口罩。

3. 任何时候你认为你戴着的口罩已被污染。

脱换口罩也有一套方法：

1. 离开先前被污染的地方。

2. 不要用手触摸口罩表面，用手指拉住橡皮筋或者绑带把口罩从脸上脱下。

3. 把口罩丢进垃圾桶内就可以了。

4. 在拿出新口罩之前，先用肥皂清水洗净，抹干双手。如 果没有洗手的设备，你可以用瓶装的皮肤消毒剂或清洁剂把双手消毒。

5. 拿出一片新的口罩戴上。

以下几点提议，希望能帮助大家预防流感入侵：

1. 出门时携带多几片口罩，以备更换。

2. 带瓶皮肤消毒剂或清洁剂。没水洗手时可以用来消毒双手。

3. 出门时戴上的口罩不要戴回家，以免把病菌带回家里传给家人。

4. 在没有感染的地方不必戴口罩。

5. 戴口罩不一定能保护你不被感染，它却是你的最后防线。

6. 勤洗手，没事不要用手摸脸。

7. 你如果怀疑或者已经证实染上流感，没戴口罩时打喷嚏或者咳嗽，别 用手巾，用纸巾。用后将纸巾丢进垃圾桶（请不要随地乱丢！），然后洗手或者消毒双手。

8. 请记住，当你要照顾流感家属或者朋友时，别用三层的手术用口罩， 用 N95 ， N99, P100, FFP1 或者 FFP2 型口罩。

在流感还没有大规模入侵前，大家就要先想好如何去预防。比方说，你 是个幼稚园老师，你班上今天忽然间有个学生发烧，呈现流感病症状况，你要做什么？或者你是个家庭主妇，你要确保家人不被感染，你要做什么？或 者你是个生意人，整天在外面走动，接触的人多，你要怎样保护你自己呢？

记住 - 有备无患，保护自己，也保护别人！

拿出一片三层的手术用口罩

先认清上下内外

拿住两旁橡皮筋戴上

用手指按下鼻扣软条

整理好口罩

口罩必须盖住鼻口到下巴，眼睛挂在口罩上面

脱下口罩时，别触摸口罩。用手指提住橡皮筋。丢弃垃圾桶内。

一手握住口罩，轻轻挂在口鼻上，令一手拉住颈项橡皮筋向上向后套在颈上。

一手握住口罩，轻轻挂在口鼻上，令一手拉住颈项橡皮筋向上向后套在颈上。

按下鼻扣软条，再用双手整理好口罩。

口罩戴好后，必须盖住口鼻到下巴，口罩周围必须紧贴住脸皮。眼镜不要包在口罩内，要挂在口罩上面。

脱下口罩时，别触摸口罩。用手指提住橡皮筋。丢弃垃圾桶内。

供稿人：蔡伟良， SYARIKAT BMS 公司负责人。全文可游览公司网址 www.bmssafety.com

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• Strength: 20 kN long axis.
• Opening: 50 mm.
• Weight: 492 g
• CE EN 362

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Connector ref. 981

Connector ref. 981 is symmetrical oval shape is ideal for use with a pulley with a round section for optimal distribution of forces at the interface between the accessory and the carabiner.
Lock manual locking system (metallic sleeve): simplifies operation with one hand.

Keylock system: snag-free body / gate interface,avoids accidental snagging of the carabiner onto the anchor, the rope, the harness.

• Strength: 25 kN long axis.
• Opening: 13 mm gate opening width.
• Individually tested.
• Weight: 175 g
• CE – EN362

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• Shock absorbers constucted from nylon webbing.
• Maximum elongation: 1.2m.

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Connector ref. 986

• Strength: 20 kN long axis.
• Opening: 21 mm.
• Weight: 264 g
• CE EN 362

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How do you feel when you see news like this in the local press?

What if the victim is one of your friend or relatives or worse, a member of your family?

There are many accidents like this in the workplaces.  Is this a pure accident or something that can be avoided?

What has he learned from the narrow escape?  Next time he may not be so lucky – of course, no one would like to see this happen again.

As far as safety is concerned, we believe that accidents like this can be avoided if rules for confined space entry are followed.

First, no one should enter the tugboat before air purging and gas detector is used to monitor the level of oxygen and the presence of toxic gases.  Lowering down an oxygen meter to the lower deck of the tugboat would have shown dangerous low level of oxygen in this case.

Using a multiple gas monitor that is normally used in the common industries will surely show high level of Carbon Monoxide (CO) or may show even some others toxic gases.  Have they done so?

When others were aware he was in danger, rushed to his aid and carried him up to the main deck, how did they do it?  There are cases that helpers entered the lower deck in this kind of situation were also killed by the silent killer CO because they did not wear proper respiratory equipments.

I have seen an incident that when the employer found that the worker who entered the lower deck of a tugboat did not come up, he sent down another worker to see what has happened.  When the second worker did not respond to his call, he himself went down.

None of them came up and only later when the employer’s wife called them for lunch, they called the Fire Department.  The rescue team went down with SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) and came up with three dead men.  They were killed by Carbon Monoxide.

All these can be avoided if they have knowledge in confine space entry.

Do you think that everyone who is working in this kind of industries should attain at least some training in confine space safety?

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You feel that money spent was not justified because your workers are just too reluctant to use them even though you have told them to use them properly for their protection.

Do you wonder why?

The main reason, as I see it, is that you do not have a written safety programme for your factory. Without a written programme, you, your company, your management and the end users – your workers, are not committed to improve the safety standard of your factory and for the sake of their safety and health.

You may have trained the workers when issuing them the PPE but such training soon are forgotten and you find most of the PPE issued is out of their proper places. It is not uncommon finding that wrong cartridges or filters are used on the respirators for the protection required. Asking the users why and the answers are always “I do not know”, or “They just give me these so I use them”.

Question: Can all these be eliminated so that everybody involved will be happy about using PPE?

Answer: YES. It can be done provided you do take the trouble to write you own safety programme.

Question: Your next question could then be – I do not know how to write a safety programme and I do not want to pay a large sum of money for someone else to write one for me. Consultant fee is expensive.

Answer: In fact, you can write you own safety programme if you want to and you do not have to ask a consultant to do that for you. An experienced sales person on PPE should be able to help you with all the information you need to write the programme.

It is within our package of supply and service that when we deliver PPE to our customers, we would like to make sure that they know how to use them properly. The safety programme will normally be introduced to them during the product training and it is up to the management to decide what to incorporate into their safety programme.

Such training is free of charge for our customers if you are operating in Kuching, Sarawak or somewhere near. You can contact us for more information about our service.

At the meantime, you may check on our website for more articles on safety programme from time to time.

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If you have decided to wear face mask or respirator to protect yourself from the risk of influenza transmission, you must understand the correct use of the masks.

Although there is no sufficient evidence proving that wearing face masks will protect one from the influenza virus, WHO and CDC recommended either a medical or surgical face mask, or a N95 or FFP2 respirator mask.

Not all single-use face masks are labeled as medical or surgical mask.  I prefer the 3-ply non-woven face mask that is made of synthetic fibrous materials.  They are used as surgical mask and as clean room mask.  Most of them are sold in pack of 50 pieces each with a pair of elastic ear loop bands or non-elastic head tie.  3-ply mask has 3 filtration layers and therefore could be more effective in filtering and preventing droplets or mists from reaching the nose and mouth.  The non-woven mask is more resistant to tear when wet or moist as compared to the paper mask.  3-Ply mask can be green, blue or white in color. Color does not matter.

The 1-ply and 2-ply paper face mask are sold in box of 100 pieces. They are made of paper material and are easily torn especially when it is wet or moist by mist.

Beside these, there are the cloth masks made of cloth materials.  Many of them are home made. Their effectiveness as facemasks against droplets or mists is doubtful.  Most of them are multilayer and they must be frequently laundry-washed.

Wearing a 3-ply medical or surgical facemask is recommended when you are going to a public or crowded area where there is potential danger of influenza contamination.  WHO guidance is keeping a safe distance of at least 3 to 5 feet away from anyone who you may want to keep a distance in whatever form of social contact.

If you are going to help or take care of some one who is having symptoms of influenza infection, you need a N95 or FFP2 respirator mask.

N95 is an American standard measuring the efficiency of a mask in filtering particulates while FFP2 is a European Standard.  Although there are many masks in the market labeled as N95 or FFP2 masks, there are basically 2 types of particulate mask – the pre-molded round shape mask and the foldable mask.

I prefer the foldable FFP2 respirator mask as it has a better facial seal than the pre-molded round shape mask.  The foldable mask, when not in use, can be folded up and kept in pocket or handbag (lady) not only tidy and handy but also keeping the inner surface of the mask clean.  You can not fold a pre-molded round shape mask.  Most people hang the mask on their neck exposing the inner surface of the mask to contaminants.

Wearing a face mask or respirator may not protect you from influenza unless you use it correctly.

1.  You must wash clean your hand before wearing a mask.  In critical time or environment, it is best to wash your hands using antibacterial hand soap dispensed by an automatic hand soap dispenser to avoid contamination.  If you can not wash your hands or can not find a place to do so, you can use alcohol based hand disinfectant.

Single use face mask and respirator mask are not for long hours wearing.  Their effectiveness against particulates or droplets filtration decreases as they are moist by our perspiration and moist air we breathed in and out through the mask.  They should be change frequently and every time we sneeze or cough.  When some one sneezed or coughed beside you at close distance and you believed that your mask is likely contaminated, you should leave and take off you mask.  Seal the used mask in a plastic bag and dispose it according to local authorities’ instruction.  Wash your hand with water and soap after disposal of used mask.

Do not put on a new mask onto your face without washing your hands clean with water and hand soap. Otherwise, you will contaminate the new mask before you put it on.  Wearing a contaminated mask around will help spreading the influenza virus.  Do wash clean your hands or disinfect your hands using a disinfectant before taking and putting on a new clean mask.

2. Donning of mask – follow these procedure to properly fit a mask on your face.

You must wear the face mask or respirator correctly covering both your nose and mouth.  It is not uncommon seeing that people covered only their mouth leaving the nose expose.  That is wrong.  You may argue that people are doing so because they feel hot when using the mask.  This is true because you are breathing in and out from the same mask and there is always some exhaled air trapped in the mask  You in fact breath in back some of the exhaled air before it leaves the mask.  You must sacrifice certain degree of comfort for the sake of safety.

Don the same way for face mask and respirator mask.  Do not touch the inner surface of the mask when you put it on or when you take it down for disposal.

Single use face mask and respirator mask can never give you a perfect facial seal. There are always some leakages from the sides of the mask.  Proper fitting of face mask by moving and pressing your fingers around to conform the mask to the contour of your face may reduce leakage.

Remember, wearing correctly a face mask or respirator is important although it does not give you a sure protection against influenza virus.  Combining this with personal hygiene such as washing or disinfect hands frequently and whenever necessary will, however, help reduce spreading of the infectious pathogen.

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AOSafety 8054 Ammonia cartridge cartridge are approved to provide respiratory protection against Ammonia and Methylamine.

• Compatible with all 8000 series respirators.

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